Public Thinking Final Paper

What comes to mind when you think of social media? Many believe that it is corrupting young people, deteriorating their brains, and making them less productive. Well Clive Thompson believes the complete opposite as he states in the chapter “Public Thinking” in Smarted Than You Think.  

Since the age of social media began with tools such as AOL Messenger and the launch of websites such as MySpace, it has been one of the most controversial subjects in the United States regarding teenagers and young adults.  It is seen by many to be a place to simply waste time watching silly cat videos and show everyone your morning coffee from Starbucks.   Thompson disagrees completely with that notion.  Instead, he believes that in reality, all of these social media sites are a place to express one’s thoughts and views through writing in a public venue.  For quite a while, Thompson has been arguing that social media is beneficial for teens, yet it wasn’t until he released his book that he gained widespread awareness from the nation. In his book, he argues that social media has encouraged our generation to improve their writing skills and write more often to effectively share their ideas.  The many claims he professes in his work are supported by solid evidence as a result of his main strategy, extensive professional research.  I will explore the main claims made in his book and evaluate the way Thompson structures his novel, states his claims and supports them with solid evidence to enlighten his readers on the benefits that social media has on transforming the coming generations to become bigger and better writers.

Thompson discusses the effects that having an audience can have on a person that is performing anything from a concert to a sports game to even choosing out a simple pattern. This effect is called the “Audience Effect”. He discussed the “Audience Effect” in a study that was performed by a group of professors at Vanderbilt University where they proved that having an audience can persuade the writer or performer to feel more compelled to produce better work than they would have if they had no audience. In the study at Vanderbilt, three groups of students were given the task to solve a pattern of different bugs, but each group had been given a different audience. The first group had been given no audience at all other than the observers and had to work in solitude.   The second group had been asked to speak into a tape recorder and explain their actions.  And the third group had been asked to explain to their mothers, at their side, what they were doing step by step. It was shown that;

The Children who solved the puzzle silently had the worst results. The individuals who talked into a tape recorder did better, concluding the simple act of articulating their thinking process aloud helped them think more critically and identify the patterns more clearly.  Overwhelmingly, the individuals talking to a meaningful audience (their mothers) had the best results.(55)

In this example, Thompson suggests that even having the most miniscule audience such as a video camera can make you think more before you do something because you want to impress your audience. The Audience Effect doesn’t only occur based on the fact that the writer or performer only wants to impress their audience, but it occurs because the writer/performer wants to provide the audience with a piece of work that actually means something and of which they are proud.  

Pride in writing for an audience was clearly illustrated by Thompson with the story of a Kenyan girl.  Ory, a Kenyan blogger, had started to blog as a hobby until she had gained a substantial number of subscribers.   At that point, it became much more than just a way to pass time. She began taking more time working on her pieces because, “Knowing I had these people reading me, I was very self conscious to build my arguments, back up what I want to say. It was very interesting; I got this sense of obligation.” (46)   Thompson had determined this to be caused by the “Audience Effect”, which had a large impact on what Ory was producing and releasing to the public. She wasn’t just releasing any old piece of work but she felt as though they were demanding better of her and in turn she was demanding more from herself.  Overall, Thompson had made an effort to prove that this idea that was originally discovered by scientists, exists everywhere in writing. With the influx of new writing due to the new digital age, many believe that It will have benefits for the community as a whole and for a writer individually.

With the rapid growth of technology in this new generation has elevated the art of writing to a whole new level. Thompson makes a significant claim that with the flood of new writing on the Internet will be very beneficial in clarifying our thinking, improving our memory, and performing better scholastically.  Thompson states that writing is a way for a person to clarify their mind and get whatever is in their head down on a piece of paper. For example, “By putting half formed thoughts on the page, we can externalize them and are able to evaluate them much more objectively.”(51)  By saying this, Thompson explains that when you have a pen and piece of paper or alternatively a keyboard and a screen, you can release all those built up ideas laying around in your head that you could never keep straight and organize them in an effective manner.

Writing not only enables you to clear your mind, but it can also improve your mind by helping you remember things.  This is called the “Generation Effect.” Thompson explains that “Writing improves your memory, write about something and you will remember it better.”(57) This idea of the “Generation Effect” was first tested in 1978 by two psychologists. In their study they had determined that  fix quotations “Writing won out. The people who wrote words remembered them better than those who’d only read them- probably because generating text yourself “requires more cognitive effort than reading”(57). Thompson uses this study to prove that writing can also benefit us by helping us remember more clearly what we had put down on that peice of paper. He later states that “College Students have harnessed this effect for decades as a study technique”(57), in an effort to display that people use the “Generation Effect” in school as it benefits them. The digital age has not only benefited us as individuals but it has also created benefits for the larger community as Thompson claims that it can help us advance democracy and civil society.  Ory’s blog provides a great example of the idea that writing on the Internet to advance politics is possible. Ory had written about her home country of Kenya, which she had left when she was a child.  After a short time, Ory had developed a following when she discussed the politics of Kenya and how they needed a reform.  “Her blog quickly became a clearinghouse for information on the crisis”(46).  She had written about the rigged election and she wanted to see change and she did through her growing number of followers.  She was even offered a deal to write and publish a book and also create a documentary. This proves that through writing on the Internet, Ory was able to make a difference in a home far from home.  

But this Golden Age has also had large effects on students as they have become better writers just with the development of new technologies.  With the new Golden Age of literacy upon us, we have seen an enormous flow of bigger and better writing from students of all ages. Thompson believes that with new technology the students of today have improved their writing to become better than those students of the past. Thompson had backed this claim with a study from Andrea Lunsford,  a Stanford professor, showing how “today’s freshman-comp essays are over six times as longer than they were back then, and also generally more complex.”(66)  Thompson uses the findings of Professor Lunsford to determine that students are becoming better writers due to the creation of the Internet and social media. Many students write much more for pleasure in today’s world because the ease of access to a larger audience than they had ever had before. It was found that “roughly 40 percent of everything that these students wrote was for pleasure, leisure or socializing”(67). Many would make an attempt to falsify his claim by stating that with the use of Instant Messaging that students would be more likely to use shortened versions of words and incorrect grammar, but Thompson disproves this by stating that out of 1.5 million words collected from works of teenagers, “only 3 percent contained IM-style short forms”(66). This is a great use of counterargument on Thompsons part as this would be one of the main rebuttals used by his critics.

Thompson organizes his claims and evidence in such a way that he would make a claim and then he would provide a strong counter argument backed by concrete evidence to show that the ideas that many have that could disprove his claims are actually false. One piece of this evidence that does provide comfort for sceptics is that all of Thompson's evidence used for the claim that students are becoming better writers, was provided by a Stanford professor from her Stanford students. As Stanford is home to the greatest minds in our country, this evidence does not provide a good sample of our community as a whole and can be falsified in that aspect.  Overall, Thompson was able to provide many diverse claims that he had backed with all sorts of evidence in an effort to prove to his readers that this evolution of technology is actually a good catalyst for our generation of writers.

Public Thinking Essay Draft

What comes to mind when you think of social media? Many believe that it is corrupting our youth and deteriorating their brains or that it makes us less productive, well Clive Thompson believes the complete opposite as he states in the chapter “Public Thinking” in his novel Smarted Than You Think.Ever since the age of social media had begun with websites such as Myspace and AOL Messenger it has been one of the most controversial subjects in the United States for Teenagers and Young Adults. It is seen to be a place to waste time watching silly cat videos and show everyone the coffee you drank this morning from starbucks, but Thompson believes that in reality all of these social media sites are a place to express your mind through the use of writing. For quite a while Thompson has been arguing on the side that social media is beneficial for teens but it wasn’t until he released his novel that where he gained widespread awareness. In his novel he argues that social media has encouraged our generation to write more, better and often to get their ideas out. He makes many claims in his work and supports them with solid evidence using professional research as his main strategy. I will explore the main claims made such as the “Audience Effect,” the increasing in writing is benefiting our community as a whole, and the idea that Digital Media is creating a Golden Age for literacy. I will also evaluate the way Thompson structures his novel, states his claims and supports them with solid evidence to enlighten his readers on the benefits that social media has on transforming the coming generations to become bigger and better writers.

Thompson discusses the effects that having an audience can have on a person that is performing anything from a concert to a sports game to even choosing out a simple pattern, this effect is called the “Audience Effect”. He discussed the “Audience Effect” in a study that was performed by a group of professors at Vanderbilt University where they proved that having an audience can force the writer or performer to feel more compelled to produce better work than they would have if they had no audience. In the study at Vanderbilt, three groups of students were given the task to solve a pattern of different bugs, but each group had been given a different audience. The first group had been given no audience at all and had to work in solitude, the second group had been asked to speak into a tape recorder and explain their actions, and then the third group had been asked to explain to their Mothers, who were sitting next to them, what they were doing step by step. it was shown that “The Children who solved the puzzle silently did worst of all. The ones who talked into a tape recorder did better, the mere act of articulating their thinking process aloud helped them think more critically and identify the patterns more clearly. But the ones talking to a meaningful audience, Mom, did best of all.”(55) In this example Thompson proves that even having the most miniscule audience such as a video camera can make you think more before you do something because you want to impress your audience. But the Audience Effect doesn’t only occur based on the fact that the writer or performer only wants to impress their audience, but it occurs because the writer/performer wants to provide the audience with a piece of work that actually means something and that they are actually proud of. This pride in writing for an audience is what had happened to the Kenyan girl that Thompson had discussed. Ory, the Kenyan blogger, had began to blog as a hobby until she had gained a more substantial number of viewers and that is when she said that it became much more than just a way to pass time. She began taking more time working on her pieces because “Knowing I had these people reading me, I was very self conscious to build my arguments , back up what I want to say. It was very interesting; I got this sense of obligation.”(46) Thompson had determined this to be caused by the “Audience Effect” which had a large impact on what Ory was producing and releasing to the public. She wasn’t just releasing any old piece of work but she felt as though they were demanding better of her and that is what she had to do. So overall Thompson had made an effort to prove this idea that was discovered by scientists and it exists everywhere in writing. With the influx of new writing due to the new digital age, many believe that It will have benefits for the community as a whole and for a writer individually.

With the rapid growth of technology in this new generation has expanded the art of writing to a whole other level. Thompson makes a large claim that with the flood of new writing on the internet will be very beneficial as clarify our thinking, It improves our memory, and it can even advance democracy and civil society. Thompson states that writing is a way for a person to clarify their mind and get whatever is in their head down on a piece of paper. For example “By putting half formed thoughts on the page, we can externalize them and are able to evaluate them much more objectively.”(51) By saying this Thompson explains that when you have a pen and piece of paper, or a keyboard and a screen, you can release all those built up ideas laying around in your head that you could never do anything with. But not only is writing able to clear your mind but it can also improve your mind by helping you remember things, this is called the “Generation Effect.” Thompson explains that “Writing improves your memory, write about something and you will remember it better.”(57) This idea of the “Generation Effect” was first tested in 1978 by two psychologists. In their study they had determined that “Writing won out. The people who wrote words remembered them better than those who’d only read them- probably because generating text yourself “requires more cognitive effort than reading.”(57) Thompson uses this study to prove that writing can also benefit us by helping us remember more clearly what we had put down on that peice of paper. He later states that “College Students have harnessed this effect for decades as a study technique,”(57) in an effort to display that people use the “generation effect” in school as it benefits them. The digital age has not only benefited us as individuals but it has also created benefits for the larger community as Thompson claims that it can help us advance democracy and Civil Society. This idea that writing on the internet to advance politics can best be explained in the story of Ory. Ory had written about her home country of Kenya which she had left when she was a child. After not too long, Ory had developed a following when she discussed the politics of Kenya and how they needed a reform as “Her blog quickly became a clearinghouse for information on the crisis.”(46)  She had spoke about the rigged election and she wanted to see change and she did, she gained a large following and was even offered to write and publish a book and also create a documentary. This proves that through writing on the internet, Ory was able to make a difference in a home far from home.  But this Golden age has also had large effects on students as they have become better writers just with the development of new technologies.

With the new Golden Age of literacy upon us, we have seen an enormous flow of bigger and better writing from students of all ages. Thompson believes that with new technology the students of today have improved their writing to become better than those students of the past. Thompson had backed this claim with a study from Andrea Lunsford, A Stanford Professor, showing how “today’s freshman-comp essays are over six times as longer than they were back then, and also generally more complex.”(66)  Thompson uses the findings of Professor Lunsford to determine that students are becoming better writers due to the creation of the internet and social media. Many students write much more for pleasure in todays world because the ease of access to a larger audience than they had ever had before. It was found that “roughly 40 percent of everything that these students wrote was for pleasure, leisure or socializing.”(67) Many would make an attempt to falsify his claim by stating that with the use of Instant Messaging that students would be more likely to use shortened versions of words and incorrect grammar, but Thompson disproves this by stating that out of 1.5 million words collected from works of teenagers, “only 3 percent contained IM-style short forms.”(66) This is a great use of counterargument on Thompsons part as this would be one of the main rebuttals used by non believers.

Thompson organizes his claims and evidence in such a way that he would make a claim and then he would provide a strong counter argument backed by concrete evidence to show that the ideas that many have that could disprove his claim are actually false. One piece of this evidence that does provide comfort for sceptics is that all of Thompson's evidence used for the claim that students are becoming better writers, was provided by a Stanford professor from her Stanford students. As Stanford is home to the greatest minds in our country, this evidence does not provide a good sample of our community as a whole and can be falsified in that aspect. Overall Thompson was able to provide many diverse claims that he had backed with all sorts of evidence in an effort to prove to his readers that this evolution of technology is actually a good catalyst for our generation of writers.

Public Thinking Intro Draft

What comes to mind when you think of social media? Many believe that it is corrupting our youth and deteriorating their brains or that it makes us less productive, well Clive Thompson believes the complete opposite as he states in the chapter “Public Thinking” in his novel Smarted Than You Think.Ever since the age of social media has began with websites such as Myspace and AOL Messenger it has been one of the most controversial subjects in the United States for Teenagers and Young Adults. It is seen to be a place to waste time watching silly cat videos and show everyone the coffee you drank this morning from Starbucks, but in reality all of these social media sites are a place to express your mind through the use of writing as Thompson states in his novel. Thompson has been arguing on the side that social media is beneficial for teens but it wasn't until he released his novel that where he gained widespread awareness. In his novel he argues that social media has encouraged our generation to write more, better and often to get their ideas out. He makes many claims in his work and supports them with solid evidence using professional research as his main strategy. I will explore the way Thompson structures his novel, states his claims and supports them with solid evidence to enlighten his readers on the benefits that social media has on transforming the coming generations to become bigger and better writers.

Thompson discusses the effects that having an audience can have on a person that is performing anything from a concert to a sports game to even choosing out a simple pattern, this effect is called the “Audience Effect”. He discussed the “Audience Effect” in a study that was performed by a group of professors at Vanderbilt University where they proved that having an audience can force the writer or performer to feel more compelled to produce better work than they would have if they had no audience. In the study at Vanderbilt, three groups of students were given the task to solve a pattern of different bugs, but each group had been given a different audience. The first group had been given no audience at all and had to work in solitude, the second group had been asked to speak into a tape recorder and explain their actions, and then the third group had been asked to explain to their Mothers, who were sitting next to them, what they were doing step by step. it was shown that “The Children who solved the puzzle silently did worst of all. The ones who talked into a tape recorder did better, the mere act of articulating their thinking process aloud helped them think more critically and identify the patterns more clearly. But the ones talking to a meaningful audience, Mom, did best of all.” In this example Thompson proves that even having the most miniscule audience such as a video camera can make you think more before you do something because you want to impress your audience.

Public Thinking Part 2

While reading "Public Thinking" by Clive Thompson, it brought up a few questions that had remained unanswered. The biggest question I had and also many other readers had is "Where does this leave us?" Thompson had not once given us a solution to the question that he had presented. It is understandable that he would like the readers to think and discover our own ideas and solutions but it seemed as though he didn't even have an answer himself.Another question I had was "Do you think that the next generation will become much better and more avid writers as technology develops and it becomes much easier to express your ideas through writing?" He had partially answered this statement through the last study he had explained but it had only applied to the current generation and not the next on to follow.

Thompson had provided us with many solid claims that he had backed up with even more concrete evidence by professional studies. This was a very persuasive element as it displayed that he had done a sufficient amount of research and that he had a good amount of knowledge on the topic that he is speaking about. Also including the real life experiences of an avid blogger were very persuasive in the sense that many people can relate to this as she was just a random girl that had began blogging. . On the other hand one of the main claims that he had provided us with was that of the Theory of Multiples. This argument was very solid but it seemed to not correlate directly with the rest of the text and I believe that it really drifted away from where his first argument began.

Thompson chose to open the text with an account of a Kenyan blogger that spoke about her home country while she was living in the United States. He had chosen to include this experience in the text because it had applied so directly to all of his claims as she spoke about how having an audience provoked her to produce more work and of better quality, she had also been listening and reading about the vast issues that have arisen in Kenya and she spoke her ideas on those that she had read about with some people having oppositions towards her and others agreeing.

Public Thinking

Bigger Question:

In "Public Thinking" by Clive Thompson, he discusses many concepts such as reading vs. writing, having an audience, and many people having the same idea around the same time, but in all there was a bigger question that he was eradicating from his work and the question was "Is our generation of teens and children becoming bigger and better writers." In the beginning of the text he discusses a Kenyan born girl who blogged about many of the hardships in her home country, when she was confronted about creating a book about her ideas she was daunted by the idea. But little did she know that she had already blogged enough to fill two telephone books. This created the idea that the new generation writes much more than they even know and the work that they produce proves to be much better quality than our preceding generation. This was also proven in a study by a Stanford University Professor Andrea Lunsford when she discovered that today's composition essays are on average six times longer and students would be writing many more personal narratives than in the early 20th century when it was popular to write about "Spring Flowers."(66)

Claims:

• The first main claim that I saw stated by Thompson was that he saw that many citizens in the United States and many other countries around the world have the thought that being an avid reader was much important than becoming an avid writer. While reading does promote extra thinking which leads to writing, many don't write their ideas down unless it is for school.
• An example from the text was when he stated that a scholar by the name of Deborah Brandt had pointed out that many parents  "Worked harder to ensure their children were regular readers, they rarely pushed them to become regular writers" (50)
• The next main claim that I had discovered in the text was a scientific finding called the "Audience Effect" which stated that when a writer has an audience they are much more likely to produce a more adequate piece of work than one they would have produced merely for a teacher.
• This finding was proven in a study conducted by a group of professors at Vanderbilt University where they had presented three groups of children all presented with the same task but given a different audience to see how they would be affected. It was shown that the group that had been given no audience had done much more poorly than the group that was asked to explain step by step their thinking process to their own mother (55)
• The last Big claim that I had noticed in Thompson s work was the Theory of Multiple. This Theory had stated that many of the modern large inventions had been created by different people all around the same time period.
• This was documented by sociologists William Ogburn and Dorothy Thomas in 1992 when they surveyed the history of modern inventions and they discovered 148 examples such as the discovery of oxygen, the discovery of sunspots, and the radio.(59)